Also see Waist Hip Ratio Calculator.ījörntorp P (1992). Waist circumference may overestimate health risk in tall individuals and underestimate health risk in short individuals (Welborn, et al 2003) and weight trained individuals, or those with thicker waist musculature (See study). Some experts suggest waist circumference may be a better predictor of visceral fat than a widely used waist-to-hip ratio (Pouliot, et al 1994). 7(1):36-40.įat located inside the abdominal wall (visceral fat) contributes more to the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes than does fat located in other areas (Björntorp 1992).
BEEP TEST RULES PROFESSIONAL
(Adams 1982)Īdams J, Mottola M, Bagnall KM, McFadden KD (1982) Total body fat content in a group of professional football players. Possibly inaccurate with individuals with low bone density. Football players have been measured with negative percent body fat. Inaccurate with power athletes with high bone density since formulas assume fixed bone density. Tester hits on side of tank to signal subject weight has been taken. The subject gets in the water, wipes off bubbles on the body, blows 80% of the air out in the water than the other 20% submerged.
Tester takes the subject's height, weight, and residual lung capacity. As the Equipment required for estimation by Direct method is not easily available everywhere, it is more convenient to estimate VO2 max using Indirect method.Waist Circumference | Bone Density | Flexibility | Cardiovascular | Strength | Power | Speed This Review strives to put all the possible methods to estimation of Vo2 max together at one plot, and it suggests that there are two kinds of methods to estimate Maximum oxygen consumption(VO2 max) of individual, one is Direct method & another is Indirect method (Performance based predictive equations & Non- exercise based predictive equations).
The purpose of this Review is to Describe VO2 max and analyze the contemporary research available in VO2 max measurements carried out in all Populations and includes Direct method (Laboratory method) and Indirect methods (Field test) for VO2 max estimation.There are no such review in literature which describes all the direct and indirect methods at one plot.
The VO2 max can be estimated using direct or indirect methods. VO2 max is expressed as liters/min as an absolute value or in milliliters /kg/min as relative VO2 max. VO2 max is the maximum amount of oxygen a person can intake and the value does not change despite an increase in workload over time period. The maximal oxygen consumption attained during a graded maximal exercise to voluntary exhaustion has long since been considered by the World Health Organization as the single best indicator of cardio respiratory fitness.
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